Religion in Relation to Civil Laws

From The Spirit of Laws by Montesquieu
Religion shapes and is shaped by political form: gentle religions suit moderate governments and despotism needs harsh ones; toleration is generally beneficial where multiple religions already exist.
Book XXIV, Chapter 3

Moderate government is best suited to the Christian religion; despotic to the Mahometan.

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Book XXV, Chapter 9

On toleration in matters of religion - prudential argument for accommodation.

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Book XXIV, Chapter 1

Considers religions "only in relation to the good they produce in civil society" - methodological note that scandalized clergy.

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