Vol. I, Ch. 10
The Working Day: the famous struggle over its length; 'between equal rights, force decides.'
Read in Books4Free →Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
From Capital, Volume 1 by Karl Marx
Absolute surplus-value extends the working day; relative surplus-value reduces necessary labor-time by increasing productivity, especially through cooperation, division of labor, and machinery.
Vol. I, Chs. 13-15
Cooperation, manufacture, and Machinery and Modern Industry as historical methods of producing relative surplus-value.
Read in Books4Free →Vol. I, Ch. 15
Machinery, far from emancipating, intensifies exploitation: 'In handicrafts and manufacture, the workman makes use of a tool; in the factory, the machine makes use of him.'
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