The Science of Deduction

From A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle
Holmes lays out his theory of detection as a rigorous science, including his famous list of areas of knowledge and ignorance, and his magazine article 'The Book of Life.'
Part I, Chapter 2 ('The Science of Deduction')

Watson's astonished list of Holmes's knowledge: ignorant of literature, philosophy, and astronomy (does not know the earth orbits the sun) but expert in chemistry, anatomy, and sensational literature.

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Part I, Chapter 2

Holmes's article 'The Book of Life': 'From a drop of water a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other.'

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Part I, Chapter 7

Holmes explains reasoning backwards (analytical vs. synthetic reasoning), the methodological capstone of the case.

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