The Necessity and Utility of Union

Frames the entire debate: 'it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice.'

Argues Americans are 'one united people' with common ancestry, language, religion, and customs, naturally suited to union.

Warns that disunion would produce rivalries and wars between the states, refuting the claim that commercial republics are pacific.

Introduces the 'new science of politics' — representation, separation of powers, judicial independence, and the enlargement of the orbit — as remedies for the historic instability of republics.